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1.
BMC Vet Res ; 17(1): 236, 2021 Jul 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34225699

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Respiratory diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the horses of all ages including foals. There is limited understanding of the expression of immune molecules such as tetraspanins and surfactant proteins (SP) and the regulation of the immune responses in the lungs of the foals. Therefore, the expression of CD9, SP-A and SP-D in foal lungs was examined. RESULTS: Lungs from one day old (n = 6) and 30 days old (n = 5) foals were examined for the expression of CD9, SP-A, and SP-D with immunohistology and Western blots. Western blot data showed significant increase in the amount of CD9 protein (p = 0.0397) but not of SP-A and SP-D at 30 days of age compared to one day. Immunohistology detected CD9 in the alveolar septa and vascular endothelium but not the bronchiolar epithelium in the lungs of the foals in both age groups. SP-A and SP-D expression was localized throughout the alveolar septa including type II alveolar epithelial cells and the vascular endothelium of the lungs in all the foals. Compared to one day old foals, the expression of SP-A and SP-D appeared to be increased in the bronchiolar epithelium of 30 day old foals. Pulmonary intravascular macrophages were also positive for SP-A and SP-D in 30 days old foals and these cells are not developed in the day old foals. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first data on the expression of CD9, SP-A and SP-D in the lungs of foals.


Subject(s)
Lung/metabolism , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/metabolism , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/metabolism , Tetraspanin 29/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Newborn/metabolism , Horses/growth & development , Horses/immunology , Lung/growth & development , Macrophages, Alveolar , Surface-Active Agents
2.
Can J Vet Res ; 85(3): 170-176, 2021 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34248260

ABSTRACT

The lung is a complex organ, and its physiology and immunology are regulated by various immune molecules and cells. Lung surfactant, a mixture of phospholipids and proteins produced by the bronchiolar and type II alveolar epithelial cells, is one such important player in lung physiology. Compared to knowledge about the biology of the surfactant in rodents and humans, only limited data are available on the surfactant in the horse. Although there are data linking levels of surfactant proteins with respiratory disease in the horse, there are no data on the cellular localization of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D). A member of the tetraspanin family of proteins, CD9 is a cell-signaling and adhesion protein and its expression has been detected in both normal and cancer cells, including those in the lung. Because there are no immunolocalization data on SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 in the normal lungs of the horse, our objective was to conduct a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study on normal lungs of the horse. The data showed SP-A and SP-D in bronchiolar epithelial and type II alveolar epithelial cells. These proteins were also localized in type I alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary intravascular macrophages, and neutrophils, which is likely an outcome of endocytosis of the proteins by these cells. CD9 was present in the airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and blood cells, but not in the airway epithelium. These new data provide a baseline to further examine the expression and functions of SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 proteins in inflammation associated with respiratory diseases in the horse.


Le poumon est un organe complexe, et sa physiologie et son immunologie sont régulées par diverses molécules et cellules immunitaires. Le surfactant pulmonaire, un mélange de phospholipides et de protéines produits par les cellules épithéliales bronchiolaires et alvéolaires de type II, est un acteur important de la physiologie pulmonaire. Par rapport aux connaissances sur la biologie du surfactant chez les rongeurs et les humains, seules des données limitées sont disponibles sur le surfactant chez le cheval. Bien qu'il existe des données reliant les niveaux de protéines du surfactant à une maladie respiratoire chez le cheval, il n'y a pas de données sur la localisation cellulaire de la protéine de surfactant A (SP-A) et de la protéine de surfactant D (SP-D). Membre de la famille des protéines tétraspanines, CD9 est une protéine de signalisation et d'adhésion cellulaire et son expression a été détectée dans les cellules normales et cancéreuses, y compris celles du poumon. Comme il n'y a pas de données d'immunolocalisation pour SP-A, SP-D et CD9 dans les poumons normaux du cheval, notre objectif était de mener une étude immunocytochimique au microscope optique et électronique sur les poumons normaux du cheval. Les données ont montré la présence de SP-A et SP-D dans les cellules épithéliales bronchiolaires et alvéolaires de type II. Ces protéines étaient également localisées dans les cellules épithéliales alvéolaires de type I, les macrophages intravasculaires pulmonaires et les neutrophiles, ce qui est probablement le résultat de l'endocytose des protéines par ces cellules. Le CD9 était présent dans les cellules des voies respiratoires et des muscles lisses vasculaires, l'endothélium et les cellules sanguines, mais pas dans l'épithélium des voies respiratoires. Ces nouvelles données fournissent une base de référence pour examiner plus à fond l'expression et les fonctions des protéines SP-A, SP-D et CD9 dans l'inflammation associée aux maladies respiratoires chez le cheval.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).


Subject(s)
Horses , Lung/metabolism , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/metabolism , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/metabolism , Tetraspanin 29/metabolism , Animals , Gene Expression Regulation , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Lung/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/genetics , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/genetics , Tetraspanin 29/genetics
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